The Multimedia principal is best incorporated into e-learning when the learner has little or no prior knowledge of the topic. On page 69 the authors, Clark and Mayer (2008) summarize the principal, “Overall, we recommend that you be sensitive to the level of prior knowledge of your learners…they may be able to learn well mainly from text or even mainly from graphics.” I created a flash video explaining the use of this principal.
http://barbsedtech.com/edtech513/videos/mutlimediaprinciple-output/Web/mutlimediaprinciple
As for the contiguity principal the authors, Clark and Mayer (2008), explored two techniques of this principle and summarized them nicely on page 93-94. This link shows how I would explain it to a colleague:
http://barbsedtech.com/edtech513/videos/contiguityprinciple-output/Web/contiguityprinciple
Clark, R. C., and Mayer, R. E. (2008). E-learning and the science of instruction: proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. Pfeiffer and Co.
The Atkinson and Mayer article, Five ways to reduce PowerPoint overload, reminded of another article I read called PowerPoint is evil by Edward Tufte which can be read by following this link: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.09/ppt2.html. It also appeared in the September 2003 issue of Wired Magazine. I’m proud to say that I have always taught my students to make their PowerPoint slides short and sweet. Use words that make the point right away and images that represent the words. Now, with Web 2.0 tools galore who needs Power Point (sorry Bill Gates).
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